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The Democratic Party of Japan won a landslide victory in the Japanese elections, bringing to an end a half-century of almost uninterrupted rule by the Liberal Democratic Party. Yuko Hatoyama, the scion of a typical Japanese political dynasty, will be the new prime minister.

Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamemei said that the study of liberal arts and social sciences had led to a “loss of belief in godly and Islamic knowledge” and he recommended that secular lecturers in universities should be purged.

Libya's leader Muammar Gaddafi celebrated the 40th anniversary of the coup that brought him to power. A spectacular show was staged for the international guests but most Western leaders were conspicuous by their absence.

A UN report said that poppy cultivation, and opium production, in Afghanistan had declined in 2008; but the fall was attributed to reduced demand rather to efforts to persuade farmers to change to other crops.