Four days of events kicked off on Thursday, when a beaming Elizabeth waved to crowds from the balcony of Buckingham Palace after a military parade and Royal Air Force flypast, and later led the lighting of the Principal Platinum Jubilee Beacon at her Windsor Castle home.
The celebrations continued with a National Service of Thanksgiving at London's St Paul's Cathedral to pay tribute to the sovereign's 70 years on the throne.
But the queen, who is 96 and has been forced to cancel a series of engagements recently due to "episodic mobility problems", reluctantly pulled out of today's service.
Buckingham Palace said she had experienced "some discomfort" during Thursday's events, and the journey to London from Windsor Castle, where she spends most of her time these days, and the activity involved for the service was too much.
Her son and heir Prince Charles, 73, instead represented Elizabeth, who is a devout Christian and also the titular head of the Church of England. She watched the service on television at her home in Windsor Castle near London.
"We are all disappointed, she has said how disappointed she is but we want her to be well," Britain's chief rabbi, Ephraim Mirvis, told BBC TV outside St Paul's.
"I think she's been magnificent so far over this week, and she should look after herself, she should pace herself, and it's fine: please God, she should live many, many more years in good health."
NO PRINCE ANDREW EITHER
Also absent from the service was her second son, Prince Andrew, 62, who has tested positive for COVID-19.
That potentially spared the royals some awkwardness, with Andrew's reputation shattered after he settled a U.S. lawsuit in February in which he had been accused of sexually abusing a woman when she was underage, claims he denied.
However, the queen's grandson Prince Harry and his wife Meghan were there, making their first public appearance together in Britain since stepping down from royal duties two years ago. They were greeted by cheers and a few boos on their arrival. The couple moved to the United States to lead a more independent life, and have since delivered some stinging attacks on Buckingham Palace and the royal family.
The service featured Bible readings, prayers, and hymns to express gratitude for Elizabeth's reign. Among the congregation were political figures from Britain and across the world.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who will give a reading, was met by a mixture of cheers and boos from the crowd outside the cathedral, reflecting recent public anger over his conduct in office.
"We come together in this cathedral church today to offer to God our thanks and praise for the reign of Her Majesty the Queen and especially for her 70 years of faithful and dedicated service," David Ison, the Dean of St Paul's, said.
The cathedral's 'Great Paul' bell - the largest in the country and dating back to 1882 - was also rung for the first time at a royal occasion since being restored last year after a mechanism broke in the 1970s.
After the service, a reception was held at the Guildhall hosted by the Lord Mayor of the City of London.
Thursday marked not only the start of the Jubilee, but also the 69th anniversary of the coronation of Elizabeth, who became queen on the death of her father George VI in February 1952 and is head of state of 14 other countries including Australia, Canada and New Zealand.
She has now been on the throne for longer than any of her predecessors in 1,000 years, and is the third-longest reigning monarch ever of a sovereign state. Opinion polls show she remains hugely popular and respected among British people.
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